45 47 Stella Street English Literature Essay

45 47 Stella Street English Literature Essay In Elizabeth Honeys childrens text 45 + 47 Stella Street and everything that happened (1995), 11 year old Henni shares her view of the events that take place in Stella Street. She is a reliable narrator as it is intended for her story to be trusted by the reader, evident with honest statements during her introduction of telling the implied reader that she may not be the cleverest or the prettiestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but is the tallest (Honey, 1995, p.5). The novel clearly shows a separation of classes within the neighbourhood, with Hennis family and friends being portrayed as the preferable middle-class, the Phonies evidently belonging to a higher class and characters such as the Brown boys being lower class. The implied reader of the book is middle-classed Australian children as they can relate to Henni, see themselves in her position and understand the common Australian terms such as milo and walk-a-thon. This implied reader experiences the events through Hennis point of view, feeling h er emotions and seeing things as they appear to her, positioning the implied reader to share Hennis emotions and therefore support her throughout the novel. The Phonies are seen as the high-class members of the neighbourhood, although later found to be criminals. The residents of Stella Street see their behaviour as being unusual as they renovate, travel regularly, constantly purchase new items and use expensive solicitors rather than confronting the issue themselves. The neighbours evidently believe the Phonies were made of money (p.23) and could not understand why they felt the need to replace belongings constantly and get rid of things much too good to throw out (p.87). The Phonies are mocked and criticised by the other members of Stella Street for their evidently excessive use of money with Danielle believing they must be throwing furniture out for rubbish collection as it was at least four months old so must be time for a complete change (p.86). They are also criticised for their formal letters of complaint from solicitors, with the other residents of Stella Street wondering why they could not simply talk about it rather than coming out guns blazing with all this solicitors letter nonsense (p.23). This makes the Phonies seem as cruel, unreasonable people. All of this along with the fact that they turn out to be criminals, imply a negative connotation on the upper class population as they are seen to be irrational, harsh beings who do not follow the law or make a reasonable attempt to be humane with the rest of society. In comparison to the superiority of the Phonies, were the Brown boys and Donnas rent-a-kid children who belonged to far more inferior class. The Brown boys were renowned for being trouble and are not trusted by the dominant class in the neighbourhood, promoting the idea that lower classes are not trustworthy or worth the respect of others. The fact that the Brown boys lie to the police in regards to their whereabouts on the night of the spotlight game, suggests that lower class people are liars, with Donna even implying this to the children by warning them not to bank on the Brown boys (p.73). Similarly to the misbehaving Brown boys, the dog catcher W.P Burgess is a cruel lower class member. Henni suggests that he was probably a garbo or the school bully (p.43) before he became a dog catcher and describes him as having a nasty temper (p.43). Burgesss poor temper and heartlessness suggest that the lower class are angry, miserable people. The troubled children Donna brings home from he r social work are seen to the Stella Street children in particular as inferior and off the planet'(p.24), Henni nicknaming these children as rent-a-kid'(p.25), suggesting that they are incapable of being in a stable, loving home. Although the implied reader may sympathise with the lower class families in the novel, many negative connotations are suggested in the text with the inferior families being promoted as unreliable, untrustworthy and cruel. The promoted preferable class in the novel is the dominant middle-class of Henni and her family and friends. Henni describes her family by saying were not rich but were not poor (p.135) suggesting that they have stable living conditions and although may not have an excessive amount of money, are able to provide and care for their family with a sustainable income. This middle class population is positioned to be seen as the desirable class to the implied reader, as they are pleased with their lives and have loving friends and family to support them. The majority of Stella Street agree on the fact that there is something peculiar about the Phonies and do not want the high class snobs living in their neighbourhood. The fact that the middle class characters in the childrens novel are all friendly and positive promotes the class. Mr Nic, for example, is described by Henni as a cheerful chap (p.7) and is loved by all the neighbours. Throughout the novel Mr Nic is always willing to help, wh ether it is babysitting Briquette or assisting the children in their mission of discovery more about the Phonies. Mr Nic is the perfect example of the ideal middle classed individual with in the text. The closure of the text plays a major part in suggesting the idealisation of the middle classed population. The happy ending presented in the text shows the high class Phonies being sent to jail and the lower class Brown boys and W.P Burgess disappearing, illustrating how the high and low class populations are far less successful and discontent. A new family moves in to Stella Street who can be interpreted as being a middle-class family by the implied reader as they seem to immediately fit in and are liked by the members of Stella Street. The fact that all of the middle classed characters in the novel achieve a joyful ending suggests that it is only the middle classed population who are truly successful and therefore promotes the desirability of this class. 45 +47 Stella Street and everything that happens strongly implies that the middle class population is the ideal class with characters such as Henni and her family and friends living a satisfying, successful life as pleasant, loving people. In contrast, the upper class Phonies and lower class characters such as the Brown boys, are shown negatively throughout the text with traits such as anger, dishonesty and cruelty being connected to them. The implied reader is positioned to believe that Henni and her family are the ideal characters and therefore the middle class is the desirable class.

Catastrophe Model of Construction Dispute Negotiation Behavior

The construction industry is apparently one of the major sectors of Hong Kong construction economy, and as Kenneth and Sai (2006) noted, buildings, the result of construction industry’s activities, are part of the built environment in which several human activities occur.As a result of the heavy reliance on team work and collaboration, construction activities are often prone to conflict, although it is apparent that this could also be obtainable in other organizational settings. Infact, these authors opine that the traditional construction contracting methods in several countries creates adversarial tendencies in the project team, which tend to foster conflict and thus conflicting behaviors in construction activities.It is a known fact that one of the primary indicators of construction success is the timely completion and delivery of the project. However, for any construction project to be completed and delivered as scheduled, a cooperative working environment is vital.In this light, Harmon (2003) suggested that the characteristic adversarial relationship and lack of a cooperative environment of construction organizational settings constitute one of the major factors that affect timely completion of construction projects.Because of the apparent importance of conflict management in construction, as well as in some other organizational settings, several scholarly works exist on conflict, conflict behaviors and conflict management. The term conflict has been severally defined, from different perspectives, even within construction literatures, as a result, several different understandings of conflict behaviors, and by extension conflict management styles, have been proffered.Kenneth and Sai (2006) argued, however, that the numerous construction literatures on conflict have essentially focused on conflict causes, prevention and management within a contractual and/or legal context. They suggested that equal importance should be accorded the human factors invol ved in conflicts, since according to them, conflicts is ‘stemmed and handled’ by the people involved, thus the role played by human factors, especially behavior, should be considered an integral part of conflict management.It is this call that this paper intends to heed. This paper intends to look at construction conflict from the behavioral perspectives using Rene Thom's Catastrophe Theory.   It has been suggested that continuous changes in human behaviors often display a discontinuous lapse.In this light, it has been argued that the catastrophe theory provides a ‘grounded approach for modeling conflict behavior in construction’ (Kenneth and Sai, 2006 p.439). This paper emphasizes the human factor in conflict by examining behaviors in response to conflict, known as conflict behavior; it then attempts to use a model of the catastrophe theory to explain construction conflict behaviors.ConflictConflict is a natural outcome of the interrelationships between individuals and groups. As a result, it is a very common and general phenomenon that can hardly be conceptualized in a simple definition. The interaction between individuals and groups brings to the fore, individual differences in goals, objectives or perspectives.The tension created by these differences, when identified by the parties involved is usually the cause of conflict. Several authors have offered different definitions or concepts of what constitute conflicts (Allred, 2000), however, there is hardly any definition that completely subsumes the entirety of conflicts from both the individual or organizational context.For example, Rahim et al (2000) positing that conflict is borne out of human interactions explain that conflicts begins when one individual ‘perceives that his/her goals, attitudes, values or beliefs’ are not compatible with that of the other’s (Rahim et al., 2000 p. 9). Here conflict is defined from the context of individual relations.Examinin g conflict from an organization context, Roloff (1987) argue that conflict begins when members of a team/organization engage in activities that are considered incompatible with those of colleagues within â€Å"their network, members of other collectivities, or unaffiliated individuals who utilize the services or products of the organization† (Roloff, 1987 p.496 quoted in Rahim, 2002).

Role Of Class Roles During Ancient Spartan Civilization

Peyton Hollier Professor B. Magee Honors 103 1 November 2015 Crucial Aspects of Class Roles in Ancient Spartan Civilization The civilization of Ancient Sparta was comprised of four distinct classes. The men, women, Perioikio, and Helots all held important roles that allowed the society to function as it did. The men primarily served in military service and politics. The women has the primary goal of wifehood and motherhood. The Perioikio were freemen but not citizens of Sparta. They had to provide military service and dealt with the trade, manufacture, and crafts. Helots, the serfs or bondsmen of Sparta, served as agriculture supply and aided in times of war. These responsibilities and their interactions, led to a powerful, militaristic, and intertwined society. Although the result was interior decomposition of the state, the influence from these practices has been felt since. From birth, Spartans has to be strong. Any newborn that was sick, deformed, or weak was abandoned and left for dead. At age seven, they began a grueling education regime n. In their education, they were taught that their lives belonged to the state. The education itself was one of a physical nature rather than academic one. Although gymnastics and military were valued above literacy and arts, academia was not forgotten. For the men, great amounts of discipline was involved in their learning. Fighting amongst the students was encouraged. Even the religious festivals involved several studentsShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Ancient World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the ancient world women possessed few rights and privileges. A woman’s freedom varied depending on where she was born, in this case Athens and Sparta. But it can be said that most women were second-class citizens during this time period. Most women had limited social roles, little education, and no involvement in politics. 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The Effects Of Being Obese During Pregnancy - 1239 Words

What are some of the effects and risks of being obese during pregnancy? Obesity is a serious medical and social issue, the relevance of which is determined, in the first place, by a high prevalence of obese pregnant women. The frequency of obesity among pregnant women in western Europe and the US ranges from 6 to 28% (Matias et al., 2013). Obesity accompanying pregnancy is considered as a significant risk factor. According to separate prospective studies, obesity is associated with the changes in the pregnant body. Increased insulin, androgen and leptin adversely affect the functioning of the reproductive system during pregnancy (Shub et al., 2013). Analysis of several studies has shown that the incidence of health issues in pregnant women with disorders of lipid metabolism is in four times higher than in the group of pregnant women with normal weight (Matias et al., 2013). Placental insufficiency is another major problem. According to Shub et al. 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